See fruma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ēadfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumċyrr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wīġfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frume"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 14 11 6 4 6 6 6 6 15 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for the landfolk (...)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On the eight day after Christmas there is the beginning of the month known [in Latin] as Januarius, which is in our atheed the After-Yule.",
"text": "late 9th century, Old English Martyrology\nOn þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.",
"translation": "On the eight day after Christmas there is the beginning of the month known [in Latin] as Januarius, which is in our atheed the After-Yule.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-FUn4cWAp",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the goldenhilt, an ancient work of giants, was given into the hands of the old king, the grey-haired battleleader",
"roman": "Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"text": "Beowulf wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte friend of the Scyldings / beloved landruler [who] long owned [it]",
"translation": "Then the goldenhilt, an ancient work of giants, was given into the hands of the old king, the grey-haired battleleader",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler; often used in compounds"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-aF1-9BsZ",
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "æþeling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "bealdor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "brego"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "cynebearn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fruma"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þēoden"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-KoA9dpFN",
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.mɑ"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine n-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.mɑ",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.mɑ/2 syllables",
"ang:Monarchy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"word": "ēadfruma"
},
{
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"word": "frumċyrr"
},
{
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"word": "wīġfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frume"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for the landfolk (...)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On the eight day after Christmas there is the beginning of the month known [in Latin] as Januarius, which is in our atheed the After-Yule.",
"text": "late 9th century, Old English Martyrology\nOn þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.",
"translation": "On the eight day after Christmas there is the beginning of the month known [in Latin] as Januarius, which is in our atheed the After-Yule.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the goldenhilt, an ancient work of giants, was given into the hands of the old king, the grey-haired battleleader",
"roman": "Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"text": "Beowulf wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte friend of the Scyldings / beloved landruler [who] long owned [it]",
"translation": "Then the goldenhilt, an ancient work of giants, was given into the hands of the old king, the grey-haired battleleader",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler; often used in compounds"
],
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "æþeling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "bealdor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "brego"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "cynebearn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fruma"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þēoden"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.mɑ"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fruma meaning in Old English (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.